Gurdas Ram Alam

Gurdas Ram Alam- by Sukhdev Sidhu

gurdfs rfm aflm:
vIhvIN brsI `qy Xfd kridaF

suKdyv iswDU

nf mYN jfxf aflm kOx. nf iehdy mYhny pqf. nf pqf, beI ieh iksy bMdy df nF hY. jF ieh kI krdf ey; jF ikwQoN df ey. iehdy nfl myrI jfx pCfx swuqy-iswD hoeI sI.
sbwb ieh bixaf ik inwky huMuidaF myry hwQ iek ikqfb af geI. mYnUM ieh ajy vI nhIN pqf ik ieh ikqfb ikwQoN afeI sI. ikhny idwqI sI. iehdy ilKfrI df vI mYnUM nhIN sI pqf. hF kdy kdy afÉrI jF afÉrI qoN pihlI sqr ’c Èbd ‘aflm’ afANudf sI. ikqfb df rMg GsmYÜf sI- imwtI rMgf. ikqfb dy pMj sq agly qy ipCly vrky hY nf sI. ieho myrI aflm nfl pihlI isafx sI. ieho myrf isafsI kivqf nfl ipaf pihlf vfh sI.
suKYl suvwlIaF kivqfvF myry cyqy ’c iek iek krky cVHdIaF geIaF; mUMh-ËbfnI Xfd ho geIaF. dhfky lMG gey nyy, pr keI kivqfvF ajy vI mYnMU awD-pcwDIaF Xfd hn. ienHF krky myrI ipMz dy isafxy bMidaF ’c puwC pRqIq bxI. Eh mYnUM bIbf muMzf igxdy. mYQoN kivqfvF suxdy. ajy pihlI msF inbVdI, ieh mYnUM aglI suxn dI PrmfieÈ krdy. mYN suxfAuNdf:

nI aËfdIey zwb KVwbIey nI,
ikANu nhIN idl mËlUmF nUM lfAux idMdI.
kMn bMd kr lY jy qYnUM burf lgdf,
nf qUM rox dyvyN nf qUM sOx idMdI.
lwKF lfl lY ky mUMh ivKfeI sfQoN,
nyVy afpxy ajy nhIN afAux idMdI.
afp ÉudmuKqfrI dI cwkI hoeIN eyN
sfnUM CwpV dy ivc vI nhIN nHfAux idMdI.
qYnUM toh ilaf ey qUM vwizaF GrF dI eyN
qyry ibrlf, mmdot inËfm ny puwq.
asIN iksy vI mulk ivc nhIN suixaf,
ipE aËfd qy jIhdy Êulfm ny puwq.
cfhy sfbq kr ik mYN ihMdosqfn df nhIN
lYNdf Pyr mYN iksy kolL nF koeI nhIN.
iek bfp dy asIN hF pwuq sfry
vwKo vwKrf sfzf igrF kooeI nhIN.
dyKx vflf muswvr qy krU guwsf,
ies qsvIr df mUMh qy bFh koeI nhIN.
ihMdusqfn ivc iek afËfd ihMdI,
rUVI sutx nUM jIhdy kolL QF koeI nhIN.

eydF dI iswDI spft kivqf nUM iksy ivafiKaf dI loV nhIN huMdI. sfÌ sfÌ qF gwlF sI.

lokF dy duwK drd dIaF; afm lokF leI afKIaF gwlF. afm lokF dI smJ ’c af jfx vflIaF. kivqf df ’kwlf ’kwlf bol jgmg jgmg krdf AuWTdf, cfnx ibKyrdf Auz puz jFdf. Èbd Tfh Tfh krdy, ptfky pfAuNdy jFdy qy itkfxy jf ky mfr krdy. pRoÌYsr mohx isMG dI kIqI lokF qy jokF dI vMz, aflm dI kivqf ivc hor iqwKI ho ky inKrdI. sroqy qF mYnUM sfh vI nhIN sI lYx idMdy. ienHF df ngfÜ suwk jFdf sI. eyhdf brfbrI dfavf dyKo:

hoeI ey vMz mnuwKF dI ijs vyly,
kIqf ihMd df jF qy iglf nhIN mYN.
sfzy ipMz dI jF pMcYq afKy,
ik vwzy vIr df Cotf Brf nhIN mNY.
gwlF jy ieh sfrIaF swcIaF ny
qF mn mfr ky Pfhf nhIN vwZ huMdf.
BfvNy ipMz ivcoN afvy iek mrlLf,
ihwsf afpxf kdy nhIN Cwz huMdf.

afËfdI nUM muÉfiqb kivqf imsflI ivaMg nfÜ Eq poq sI. iehdy ’c koeI vÜ Ìryb nhIN. guMJÜ dI guMjfieÈ hI koeI nhIN. QuVoN df mfiraf bMdf Blf iehnUM ikwdF nf smJUgf. nf smJx vfÜI koeI gwl eI hY nhIN iehdy ’c. kivqf vjoN iehdf sihj, inBfa, dfavf ÊOr krn vfÜf hY:

hwQIN cVHI hoeIN eyN ijnHF ivhlVF dy,
Eh qF nflL clfkI dy awgy hoey ny.
qYnUM ilafAux AuWqy ijhVf Érc hoieaf,
dMm sfzI kmfeI dy vI lwgy hoey ny.

‘jy mYN mr igaf’ kivqf EnI nhIN sI cVHdI; hux socdF hF ik iehdf kfrn Èfied mOq dy zr krky hovy. afp iehnUM mOq df koeI KOÌ hI nhIN sI. ieh kivqf iek ihsfb nfÜ gurdfs rfm aflm dI ilKI vsIaq hY. iek iksm df hukm hY, ik myry mrny qy kI kI kIqf jfvy qy kI kI nf kIqf jfvy. iehnUM qswlI hoxI hY ik mYN qF apxy ihwsy df kMm kr cwilaF hF. bfkI dI sfrI mUMh rKfeI hY. pr eys kivqf ivc gwlF bVIaF pqy dIaF ny. awgy jf ky iehI nukqy qrkÈIl lihr vjoN AuWBry.
pr iehdI kivqf ajLfdI bVI vsdI sI. bVI sOÉ nfÜ Ëubfny cVHn vfÜI kivqf sI. iehdy ivc afeI afjLfdI dI aflm ny puxCfx kIqI sI. eyhny inrK prK ilaf sI; beI ieh qF gwl eI horUM ho geI. iek ihsfb nfÜ DoKf ho igaf sI. ijwdF dI ajLfdI df ieh ikafs krI bYTy sI, EdF dI qF afeI eI nf. eyys ajLfdI ivc qF kfx sI. aflm kftvIN mjLfhIaf qnjL nfÜ vfr krdf hY:

ikEN beI inhfilaf afjLfdI nhIN vyKI,
nf beI Brfvf nf KfDI nf dyKI.
mYN jwgU qoN suixaf aMbflLy KVI sI,
bVI BIV Ausdy duaflLy KVI sI.
afeI nUM qF BfvyN qIaf sfl bIqf,
asIN qF ajy qwk drsLx nhIN kIqf.
idwlI ’c afAuNdI hY srdI dI ruWqy,
qy hfVF ’c rihMdI phfVF dy AWqy.
ÊrIbF nfl lgdI lVI hoeI af Ébry
amIrF dy hwQIN cVHI hoeI af Ébry.
aÉbfrF `c piVHaf jrvfxI ijhI ey
koeI sohxI qF nhIN aYNvy kfxI ijhI ey
mMny jy Eh kihxf asIN vI mMgfeIey
CMnF qy ZfiraF `c BuMjy svfeIey
pr eynf pqf nhIN kI KFdI huMdI ey
ikhVI cIË qoN idl curFdI huMdI ey
iÈmly qF Es awgy aFzy huMdy ny
beI qF sfzI qF KurlI ‘c tFzy huMdy ny

jdoN rqf ku surq hoeI, qF mYnUM sMuDk peI ik aflm qF mMjkI dy AuWGy nwgr buMzflLy df hY. ieh myrI mfsI df ipMz vI sI. eyQoN df kfmryz hriksLn isMG surjIq vI mÈhUr sI. eyQy vwzf kfrÉfnf vI hY. jdoN mYN eyQy jfxf qF aflm df puwCxf. mfsI dy iksy vI Grdy nUM aflm df pqf nhIN sI. Auhnf kihxf: ik ieh koeI cor vzfÜy df hoxf. cor vzfÜf kpUrQlLy koÜ hY. akflI lIzr kuldIp isMG eyQoN df eI sI.
kflj gey, qF sfnUM pr lwg gey. iek pfsy mF bfp dIaF awKF qoN prHy, hr pfsy KuwlH qy dUjy pfsy vwzI iËMmyvfrI df aihsfs. nfÜo nfÜ afdrÈvfd, awlV Aumr, qwq BVwQ ’c kuC kr mrn dI kfhÜ. AuproN bMgfloN, AuWT nkslbfVI lihr aFDrf qy pMjfb ’c af vVI sI. pMjfb ’c mogf aYjItyÈn BiKaf hoieaf sI. AuWTdI juafnI leI eydUM vwD KLqrnfk hor kI ho skxf sI. sfrf smfn – bfrUd dy Zyr vrgf sI. iksy vyly vI BFbV blL skdy sI.
mYƒ sfihq dI mws vI sI. EdoN ienklfbI sfihq dy hI bol bfly sn. bfkI sB kUV-kbfV sI. iehI myrI qy myry bylIaF dI smJ sI. Pyr suMDkF peIaF ik nrUdf qF ipafr dI kivqf dIaF slfhuqF idMdf hY. asIN iewko vylLy ienklfb dy mwdfh vI ho gey ipafr dy vI. rumFsvfd ’c guMunHI hoeI ienklfb dI cfhnf. asIN sfihq dy rsIey vI ho gey qy KyzF df ÈOk vI DuKdf irhf.
hOÜI-hOÜI mYN aflm dIaF hor rcnfvF pVHIaF. sfihq ’c rucI vDI. kflj dy mYgËIn qoN ÈurU hoieaf ilKx-Cpx df sLOk vD ky aKLbfrF qy ink inky rsfilaF ’c Cpx qwk awpV igaf. EdoN ku hI ajIq aÉbfr ’c gLjLl dIaF aslfhF ÈurU ho geIaF. nfÜo-nfÜ Ausqfd ÊËlgoaF ny isMg-PsfeI vI krI jfxI. blky bhuqI sMg-PsfeI hoxI.
suBfny mfstr lwgy amrjIq sMDU ny ‘arÈdIp’ rsflf ÈurU kr ilaf. asIN iehnUM kwcIaF ipwlIaF gLjLlF Byjdy; slfhF lYNdy. ieh afp dIpk jYqoeI df cylf sI, EhqoN ieslfh lYNdf sI. eyhqoN hI mYnUM pqf lwgf ik jlMDr dI lyKk sBf ny keIaF ilKfrIaF dy snmfn krny hn; sxy gurdfs rfm aflm dy. mYnUM afiKaf ik mYN vI Es idn phuMcF. iJjkdf, mYN vI phuMc igaf. pRogrfm vfhvf TIk sI. pUrI gihmf-gihmI sI. klfm dI vfrI afeI, qF aflm KVHf hoieaf. iehdy srIr ’c ÌurqI sI. bËurgI Br juafnI ’c sI, pr hMiBaf nhIN sI. mfeIk kolL jf ky eyhny aflLf duaflLf Pyr dyiKaf. nf koeI BUimkf bMnHI, nf ivafiKaf kIqI. nf afpxy bfry kuC ikhf nf hI kivqf bfry. TrMHmy nflL msLhUr qrIn gIq suxfieaf. nflL-nflL Kwby hwQ nUM kdI AuCflLy, kdI lihrfvy qy kdy QpQpfvy. kivqf boldf aflm Kwby hwQ nUM hyTF AuWqy Kwby swjy krdf kihMdf:

lMbVf dI kMD twp ky
muMzf kMizaF coN byr ilafieaf.
qlLI AuWqy jfn rwK ky Ehny
byrI dy ipMzy nUM hwQ pfieaf.
ijs vylLy rok nf skI
nvyN pYrF nUM dIvfr purfxI.
nws ky aMdr luk geI
kuMzf mfr ky vwzI cuDrfxI.
muwCF AuWqy hwQ Pyr ky
nfÜy KMiGaf qy nfÜy muskfieaf.
lMbVf dI kMD twp ky
muMzf kMizaF coN byr ilafieaf.
qlLI AuWqy jfn rwK ky Ehny
byrI dy ipMzy nUM hwQ pfieaf.

aflm df jfdU cl igaf. drimafny kwd df ilwsf ijhf, iekihry srIr df, sfd-murfdf afm ijhf bËurg. muÈkI rMg dy ichry qy iqWKf nwk. slIky nfÜ suafrIaF ink inkIaf muwCF qy dfVI sÌf cwt. isr ’qy hlkf ijhf nIl idwqI hoeI icWtI pwg. moZy ’qy prnf. ÈfmrMgy aflm dy isr qy icwtI pwg vDyry icwtI lwgy. aflm dI afvfË ivc txk sI. mUMh-ËubfnI mtkfa ky bolI kivqf ny DMn DMn krf ’qI. Kwby hwQ nUM ieh kivqf ’c qfl leI vrqdf. GVI muVI mukwrr mukwrr, dubfrf dubfrf dIaF PLrmYsLF hoeIaF. iek iek bMd iqMn-cfr cfr vfr suixaf–suxfieaf igaf. aflm ny PMksLn lwut ilaf. vwzy vwzy kvIaF dy qwpV ruÜ gey. eydF dI isÉrlI sLfierI qoN mgroN Pyr koeI nhIN bol skdf huMdf. mylf KLqm kr dyxf hI TIk huMdf. pr eyQy aflm qoN bfad hor boly. Pyr kI hoxf sI. lLok AuWT ky CyqI CyqI inklxy ÈurU ho gey. dfrU iswky vflLy Ehly ho ky glfs BVfEx lg pey. ijnHF dIaF TfhrF sn, Eh afrfm nflL kwCF ’c hwQ dy ky tihlx lwgy. hmfqVF nUM iÌkr sI ik hux kI krIey. rfq dy ds igafrF vwj gey sI. bws df koeI tYm nhIN sI irhf; huMdf vI qF aYs vylLy rfq nUM kyhnUM aOKf krnf sI. mYN aflm dy nyVy ho igaf. iehnUM pRsMskF ny Gyiraf hoieaf sI. pr rfq kwtx nUM iksy nf ikhf. pRsMsk hOÜI-hOÜI AuryH-prHy ho gey. pRbMDk kdy dy iKsk cuwky sn. guVyH hoey aflm df qËurbf vwzf sI. aflm ny ikhVf kwcIaF goÜIaF KyzIaF hoeIaF sI. eyhnUM pqf eI hoxf, beI mYnUM iksy ny rfq nhIN ktfAuxI; afpy hI koeI bMnH-suwB krnf pYxf. iehnUM iksy qy afs vI nhIN hoxI. msqI ’c aflm tysLx vwl nUM ho igaf. nf KuÈ nf nfrfË. mYN vI nfÜy eI ho quiraf.
pRogrfm rfq nUM sI. pRbMDkF dy cODr-ByV ’c bysuafdIaF hoeIaF. iksy ny sfzI bfq nf puwCI. aflm dI vI nf. ijhnUM ajy kuJ GMty pihlF snmfx dy ky hty sI; bVy sohly gfey sn. asIN rylvy stysLn vwl nUM qury jfeIey qF sfzy nfl nvyN Èihr vwl df gLjLlgo vI ho quiraf. QoVHf awgy jf ky pYr GVIsdf GVIsdf Eh vI iKsk igaf. asIN suMn msfn jlMDr rylvy stysLn jf puwjy. ivrÜf ivrÜf kulI AUNGdf idsy. asIN iek iek bYNc mwl ilaf – lfgy lfgy. awD-lyty ijhy ho gey.
gwlF kridaF aflm AuDV igaf. iehny mYnUM apxI iËMdgI dI ibiQaf hI suxf idwqI. kihMdf: mYN qF jI anpVH bMdf aF. nf ilK skdF, nf pVH skdF. lwlf Bwbf krn leI awKr AuTflx jogf vI bfad ’c hI hoieaF. hor qF hor, mYnUM qF nF vI irVH KuVH ky ilKxf afANudf. pr kivqf mYnUM AuWqoN AuqrdI af. iehdy leI mYnUM koeI qrwdd nhIN krnf pYNdf. ieh ibnF qklIPL dy myry kolL af jFdI af. mYN Xfd kr lYnF. Pyr mYN EdF hI bol idMnF. aYnf eI sfrf kMm af. mYN iqMG iqMG ky nhIN ilKdf. ijwdF dI iehdI kivqf sI, EdF dIaF hI gwlF. koeI vÜ nhIN, Ìryb nhIN; koeI Aucyc nhIN. aflm dIaF gwlF hlImI nfÜ lQ pQ sI. sfd murfdIaF sihj suBfa idafnqdfrI nfÜ kIqIaF sfDfrx pr zfZIaF asrdfr bfqF. gwlF kfhdIaF iehdI ijLMdgLI df incoV qwq sI.
aflm ny afpy dwisaf ik BfeI mYN qF iewtF df pQyrf sI. awT afny idhfVI ’qy. qukbMdI kr lYNdf sI. pfiksqfn ’c rih gey koty vwl koeI kvI drbfr sI. mYN vI suxn clf igaf. mYnUM EnHF dI kivqf cMgI nf lwgI qy mYN kih ’qf, Cwzo Xfr ieh vI koeI kivqf af. agly kihMdy: jy qYnUM jfadI aONdI af, qF qUM suxf dy Py. mYN ikhf: mYN suxf idMnf. Gusr musr ’c myrf vI nF bol idwqf. mYN kivqf suxf idwqI. lokF muV-muV suxn dIaF ÌrmYsLf kIqIaF. kihMdy: qUM ikwQy luikaf irhf. mYnUM ienfm vI imiÜaf qy nfm vI hoieaf. Eh kihMdy qUM awj pQyry qoN muxsLI hoieaf. pr kMm qyrf, kivqf ilKxI qy kvI drbfrF qy jfxf. aMnF kI BflLy do awKF? aflm kihMdf: mYnUM smJ hI nf afvy beI ieh ho kI igaf. iksy ÊrIb mËdUr df eynf mfx.
Pyr kihMdf: iek vfr mYN bVf ksUqf Ps igaf. sfzy ÊrIb lokF nUM keIaF gwlF df pqf eI nhIN huMdf. Eh smJ bYTy, beI kvI koeI isafxf huMdf – Dfgf qvIq krn vflLf. mYnUM kihMdy afh sfzI kfkI iZwlI mwTI rihMdI af. iehdf ielfj kro jI. mYN EnHF nUM kvHF qusIN zfktr nUM idKfE, Eh kihx, koeI Dfgf qvIq krky dyh. mYN qF eys kuwqKfny dy suDf iKlfP sI. mYN bQyrf kvHF, beI kvI df mqlb ieh nhIN huMdf; Eh ikWQy mMnx jI. Eh qF BfeI myry pysL hI pY gey. aÉIr ’c mYN aYvyN PUkF PfkF ijhIaF mfr ky KihVf Cuzfieaf.
mYN gIq bfry pwuiCaf qF aflm kihMdf: isLv kumfr ny iek gIq iliKaf sI ijhVf idwlI vfÜI suirMdr kOr ny gfieaf sI. ryzIE qy vjdf rihMdf hY: mYnUM hIry hIry afKy hfey nI muMzf lMbVF df, nI muMzf lMbVF df. ieh gIq sux ky mYN ikhf: dur iPwty mUMh aflmF, ieh kI sflLI gwl hoeI beI. lMbVF dy muMizaF dy ikhVy Puwl lwgy hoey af jo sfizaF dy hY nhIN. E sfzy afvdy muMizaF nUM koVH hoieaf hoieaf; qusIN ienHF dy juwsy qF dyKo – dsF nhuMaF dI ikrq nfl kmfey hoey. mjfl af ikqy ilP jfx. Pyr kihMdf: sfÜI jgIrdfrI qoN sfzf KihVf nf Cuwtf – sfihq ivc vI nf Cuwtf. myrf gIq ËYldfrF qy lMbVdfrF nUM cYilMj hY. DgiVaF dy iKlfPL af – inaF dy hwk ’c. vwizaF nUM mfrI swt hY – myrf ieh gIq. mYN cfhMunF ieh swB kuJ bdl jfvy. CyqI.
Ërf ku sfh lY ky Pyr gwl qorI. kihMdf, mYN ikhf: lY beI isLv kumfrf, qyrf gIq BfvyN suirMdr kOr gfvy qy BfvyN gfvy prgfsL kOr. BfvyN jlMDr df ryzIE stysLn inwq vjfvy qy BfvyN ieh vwjy idwlIEN. myrf afh qoV gIq lokF dy idlF ’c vwjdf eI rhU. ieh kihMdf aflm sihj Bfa ’c sI, hAumY ’c nhIN. aflm dI TrMHmy nfl khI gwl ’c dwm sI. vDfa ky kIqI gwl nf sI. iehdf afKxf TIk hI sfbq hoieaf sI. iehdf jlvf qF mYN rqf ku pihlF eI awKIN vyK ky hitaf sF.
ieh aflm dI sLfhkfr rcnf hY. isafsI rMg ’c qF rwqI hoeI hY eI, iehdy ’c lYa hY; rvfnI hY; srod hY, josL hY, suhj hY;L cfhnf hY. lok bolI dI cVHq hY. sQfpqI dy iKLlfPL kIqf isry df vfr hY. sÌfjMg. purfxy nUM bdl ky nvF ilafAux dI qFG hY. iehdy ’c aflm dy TwTy vfÜy mÈkUlI suBfa qoN AuÜt gihr gMBIr ivcfr hY. gIq dI Ëubfn qy cVHn dI pUrI smrwQf hY. aflm nUM keI ‘drimafnf kvI’ kihMdy hn. ZuwzF vfÜy skflr aflm qoN AurF eI rih jFdy af. pr aflm vwzy imsLn df kvI sI. kivqf dy nflL Ehny afpxI jmfq dy lokF nUM vI hlUxf dyxf sI. Ehny eys gwl dI prvfh vI nf kIqI ik EhnUM koeI vwzf kvI kihMdf hY jF Cotf. ieh ÌYslf Ehny lokF qy Cwizaf hoieaf sI. afm lok hmysLF iehnUM cfhuMdy rhy. isLv dy mukfbly vI, aMimRqf qy eyQoN qk ik pRo mohn isMG dy mukfbly vI. jdoN ienHF dI pUrI cVfHeI sI.
aflm kihMdf: isLv qy mYN vlYq ’c iekwTy ho gey. iek do PMksLnF ’qy mylL vI hoieaf. isLv kumfr iglf kiraf kry; Xfr mYnMU qF aYs buVHy ny bVf qMg kIqf hoieaf; Bfrq ’c mYN qF eydF idaF nUM icwq ’c eI nhIN rwKdf. drasl, aflm ny ieh gwl mYnUM Gtfa ky dwsI sI. iÈv dI kivqf dI EnI bwly bwly nf hoeI. vlYq dy sMgI sfQI dsdy hn ik isLv dI kivqf aflm dI kivqf mUhry itkdI nf sI. aflm df pyNzU muhfvrf qy sfÌgoeI isLv qoN vwD BfAuNdI sI. afm lokF dI bolI sI – sfd murfdI; gwlF-bfqF vrgI kivqf sI. EhI muhfvrf. iehdI kivqf styjF qy vI vs jFdI sI, kvI drbfrF qy vI GrIN lfeIaF mihÌlF ’c vI qy pwbF ’c vI.
aflm dI kivqf ’c koeI gwl qF jLrUr hoxI eI aF jo eyhdI pihlI ikqfb df muwKbMd ipMRsIpl qyjf isMG ny iliKaf qy dUjI df ipMsIpl sujfn isMG ny. qIjI df lhOrI rfm bflI ny iliKaf sI. aflm dI mMg vI sI, cVHq vI. ieh biVaF df pRyrxf sroq vI bixaf. kMm iehdf kvI drbfrF qy jfxf sI. TfrHF vI bVIaF sI iehdIaF. kvI drbfr qoN hPqf hPqf pihlF hI GroN qur pYxf; rfh ’c TihrF krdy jfxf qy krdy eI afAuxf. afjLfdI qoN pihlF ijhVf aMgryjLF dy iKlfPL boldf sI, Auhdf bolbflf sI. aflm aMgryjF dy iKlfÌ boldf sI. Pyr rihMdI Aumr iehdf qfx afm lokF dy hwk ’c boldf irhf.
styj df DnI aflm kvI drbfrF dI sLfn huMdf sI. iehdI kivqf dI izilvrI qy adfiegI kIl lYNdI sI. afm kvI drbfrF qy iehdI cVH mcdI. kfmryzF dIaF styjF qy iehdf vwKrf tOhr huMdf sI. sfry suxn suxfAux vfÜy Gr dy bMdy huMdy sI. ivcfrF dI sFJ vfÜy. KulHidlI nfl dfd imlxI – ienfm iÈnfm vI. ienklfbIaF dIaF styjF vI bMnHI rwKxIaF iehny.
qrsym puryvfl qy sMqoK iÈv nUM lY ky vulvrhYNptn phuMc gey. mohry aflm pUry jlO ’c styj qy myldf iPry. ieh ‘ielYksLn’ kivqf boldf sI. EDroN aflm ny kivqf dI sqr khI: ‘cwky hoey purfxIaF cODrF dy, cMzIgVoN mÈhUr Blvfn af gey’ qy EDroN isLv hfl ’c jf viVaf. bVbolf iÈv kihMdf: hF hF, mYN vI Esy cMzIgVoN hI afieaF. aflm qF Cfieaf hoieaf sI. isLv dI kI puwC hoxI sI EQy. sfihq akYzmIeyN isLv dy mfx ’c rwKIaF keI pfrtIaf dIaF vI PUkF eI inklL geIaf. lokF suixaf eI nf jF bolx hI nf idwqf. isLv ny kihxf Eey qusIN afh buVHy nUM hI isr ’qy cukI jfny EN, mYN nhIN dIhdf quhfnUM. aflm iÈv nUM cMgf kvI qF mMndf sI pr jmfqI sUJ qoN axiBwj. aflm dy iek dOry vyly aMimRqf pRIqm vI vlYq afeI hoeI sI. Pyr vI aflm df jfdU Gitaf nf.
ÉUbsUrqI df iehdf afpxf sMklp sI. eyhdf ibafn pfsL ny ‘isafV’ ivc aflm bfry lyK Cfp ky kIqf sI: ‘Auh jmfqI nÌrq ivc gVuc hoeI iek KVkdI sÉÈIaq hY. Auh afpxy lokF nUM phfVF vFg aV ky Kloqy dyKxf cfhuMdf hY. mYN qF eyhnF nUM kihMdF huMnF, qusIN srdfrF dy GVy hoey rsmF, rvfieqF qy sMskfrF df bfeIkft kro.’ awgy jf ky pfsL aflm dI krmBUmI df nkÈf iKcdf hY: “QF QF qy bMnHy hoey zMgrF qy nMg DVMgy KFdy bwicaF dy Jurmt sn. hfVH dI lwgI hoeI dupihry vI muhwly ivc afrfm nF dI koeI ÈYa nhIN sI. cOhIN pfsIN iek kuhrfm ijhf micaf hoieaf sI. aOrqF mËUrI ivc ilaFdIaF hoeIaF kxk dIaF BrIaF nUM kuwt kuwt ky dfxy kwZ rhIaF sn. CwjF df DImf KVkf. AuWz rhI ÉuÈk DUV ivc ËnfnIaF dy mUhF AqoN dI pwly bMnHy hoey. pÈUaF dy ml mUqr dI qyjL hvfVH. Èfied iek kvI dy rihx leI ieh dunIaF dI sB qoN Xog QF sI. ieh kivqf leI jLrÉyjL BumI sI.”pfsL eyhnUM aslI ienklfbI lok kvI kihMdf sI.
aflm mYnUM kihMdf Blf qUM dws, beI kflLy rMg nUM ikhVf kohV hoieaf hoieaf. rMg qF do eI hoxy af. jy sfzy rMg rqf ku kflLy af qF lohVf kI af igaf. bQyrI dunIaF kfÜy rMg dI af. aÌrIkf vfÜy sfry kfÜy af. iehdy ivc sfzf ksUr vI kI af. sfzf afpxf suhj hY. mYnUM qF hux sgoN mfx af kflLy rMg’qy. ‘gorf rMg itwibaF df ryqf hvf afeI AuWz jfAUgf’ lok bolI kihky iehny mYnUM svYmfx ’c lwQ pwQ hor gIq suxfieaf:

mfhI myrf kflLy rMg df
ivhVy vVdf qy cMn cVH jFdf
jwg dI BlfeI vfsqy
byhIaF rotIaF imrc nfÜ KfdF
kwlf Eh kmfAU Gr coN
cONh jIaF dI iKwcy hrnfVI,
lUx qyl cfh nf cuwky
EhdI cfr mMj dmVy idhfVI
juafkF nUM pVOHx bdly
Gfh Koq ky idhfVI jFdf
mfhI myrf kflLy rMg …
kxkF dy JfV vwD gey,
EhqoN vwD vD geI mihMgfeI
aOKf hoieaf iZwz qornf
dwsoN ikwQoN mYN Brf idaf rjfeI
AuWqy lY ky sONdf cfdrI
hyTF borIaF dy qwpV ivCFdf
mfhI myrf kflLy rMg………
jdoN mYN ivafhI afeI sI
do hjLfr df sI Zol pQyrf.
rfj sI PrMgIaF df
kdy muwkf nhIN sI Gr coN lvyrf
doNh mohry gfrf suwtky
GfxI puwt ky iewtF sI lFdf
mfhI myrf kflLy rMg……
mYnUM kihMdf myry huMidaF
nI qUM ikEN qklIÌ AuTfvNy
hws hws rojL dwsdf
gwlF bYT qfiraF dI CfvyN
af jfxf rfj afpxf
sfnUM ‘aflm’ aYlfn suxFdf
mfhI myrf kflLy rMg ……

eydF dI kivqf mYN kdy nhIN sI suxI. ieh ibMb ÈYlI hor ikqy nhIN sI imldI. ieh aflm hI kr skdf sI. gwlF kridaF nUM pqf eI nf lwgf ik rfq kdoN inkÜ geI. nHyrf iCwdxf ÈurU ho igaf sI. sUrj dI itwkI AuWT rhI sI. aflm ny apxf sfPf JfiVaf. mYN do kwp cfh mMgfeI. aflm ny Kwby hwQ dy poitaF ’c kwc df iglfs GuMmfANuidaF cfh dy sVHfky mfr ley. asIN ’kwTy bws awzy nUM ho qury. rfq vfÜy keI BOr Bfn dy mfry, mUMh twzI awzy ’qy AubfsIaF mfrdy iPrn. iksy ny aflm nUM sfhb slfm nf kIqI. mYN ikhdy pfxIhfr sI. aflm nUM iehdI koeI prvfh nhIN sI, Ehdf imsLn bVf vwzf sI.
nkodroN inkiÜaf sfzf pUr jlMDr af ky iKwlr igaf. kuJ bI aYWz krn imMtgumrI kflj af gey, kuJ duafby kflj qy kuJ zI ey vI kflj. mYN Éflsf kflj pMjfbI dI aYm ey krn lwgf. kdy kdfeIN nkodrIey swjx-bylI iml bihMdy sF. jF iPr bwsF ’c sfbH slfm ho jFdI. gLjLlgo Bjn afdI ny mYnUM sudysL kilafx nfl imlfieaf. kihMdf: ieh aflm dI DI ey. mYnUM cfa cVH igaf. ieh Bjn nfl hI bI aYWz krdI sI – imMtgumrI kflj. QoVH icrf myl sI – kuJ plF df. ienHF nUM vI kfhlL sI qy mYnUM vI. Pyr imlx dy Brosy asIN afpo afpxy rfh pey. mYN sudysL nflL bfp-aflm bfry gwlF krnIaF sI. Ehdy suBfa dIaF. kihxI krnI dIaF. hor vDyry jfnx dI BuWK sI. muV myÜ nf hoieaf.
ipafr mnuwKI iÌqrq hY. iËMdÊI df swc. muhwbqF sfiraF nUM ho jFdIaF ny. aflm iehdy bfry ieÈfry hI krdf hY. ÊrIb df ipafr buwkÜ df guV huMdf hY – Bor Bor ky Kfx nUM. aflm ikqy kihMdf hY: qUM mYnUM imlx afeIN, nkodr dy mkLbrIN qy ikqy hor DImI sur ’c hUMgy ijhf mfrdf hY.
aflm ny Xuwg purÈF nUM muÉfiqb kivqfvF vI ilKIaF sxy nfnk, rivdfs, lflo, mrdfnf, DMnf Bgq qy aMbyzkr nUM. eys bhfny aflm ny iehnF nfl goÈtI kIqI. ienHF dI gwl awgy vDfeI.
aflm afpxy ipMz dy do bMidaF dy vDyry nyVy sI; ienHF nflL isr joV quiraf vI. mfrksI lIzr hriksLn isMG surjIq qy pMzq bKsLI rfm. dovNy inrol isafsI jIv: dohF ny afpxy afpxy QF vwzy mfarky mfry. aflm ny vI Gwt qF nf sI kIqI. buMzflLy dy ienHF jixaF ny iehdf nF hor vizafieaf. kfmryz surjIq AuWcIaF pOVIaF cVH igaf. aflm df Ìoks vwzf irhf; ivcfrDfrf df. dwibaF kucilaF dI mukqI df. ieh bKÈdf iksy nUM nf sI. ‘BfrqI soDvfdI nUM’ nF dI kivqf ’c ieh apxI iDr idaF nUM vI lMmy hwQIN lYNdf hY; pr kfmryz hrikÈn isMG surjIq dI ‘mihmf’ ’c aflm ny iliKaf sI:

cwk ky itMz POVHI rfh coN pryH ho jfh
eyQoN lokF idaF lIzrF ny lMGxf ey

pfiksqfn bxy qoN bfad vI iehdI TfT EDr bxI rhI. icrfgLdIn dfmn dy mukfbly df sLfier qF ieh sIgf hI. bjLfqy-Éud vI dfmn iehnUM vwzf Èfier mMndf sI. Eh iehdy jlvy rOilLaF qoN pihlF dyK cuwkf sI. iehdI KYLr swuK df mwdfh sI. afey gey qoN Eh iehdf hfl hvfl puwCdf rihMdf sI. dfmn dI bhuqI mÈhUrI izktytrF nflL mwQf lfAux krky hoeI sI.
aflm dsdf sI, sfDU isMG hmdrd vI iehdf rOilLaf qo pihlF df hI cMgf jfxUM sI. iehqoN Kfr vI KFdf sI. Kfr dI vjHf qF jwg jLfihr eI sI. Eh hux srdI pujwdI, phuMc vflLI sfmI sI qy aflm hmfqV df hmfqV irhf. pr hmdrd dI kivqf nf pihlF iehdy mohry cldI sI nf hux. pfsL dI kivqf nUM ieh cMgI mMndf sI. kihMdf eynI CotI Aumry eydF dI kivqf? eys muMzy df ËrUr vwzf nF hoAU. guaFZI jgqfr df vI ieh mfx krdf sI.
kvI drbfrF dy dOr ’c ivDfqf isMG qIr, guridq isMG kuMdn, sÌrI, hsnpurI, brkq rfm Xumn, nUrpurI, muxsLf isMG duKI, nfjLr isMG qrs iewkTy huMdy. ieh kvI drbfrF dI tOhr bixaf irhf. nUrpurI dI axafeI mOq ny aflm nUM pRyÈfn kIqf. duwKI hoey aflm ny nUrpurI leI ivrlfp iliKaf. hfkmF nUM lfhnqF pfeIaF, ijnHf vyly isr bfq nf puwCI:

pMjfbI gIqF dy ÈihnÈfh nUrpurIaf,
awKF mIt ky kihr guËfr igEN
hmdm, ÈrÌ, ÈhId, KuÈnId ipwCy,
cfqirk vFg AuzfrIaF mfr igEN
sfzy igwDy isafipaF ivc bdly,
hfsy Koh ky ÊmIaF iKlfr igEN
……………
qyry huMidaF sfry pMjfb aMdr,
jxf Kxf hI BMgVy pf irhf sI,
ÈOkx myly dI jdoN iqafr hoeI,
kYNTy vfÜf prfhuxf vI af irhf sI.
…………
mYnUM iglf hY vkq dy hfkmF qy,
ijhnF duÈmxI Kfh mKfh kIqI
qyry mry qy mwdqF dyx afey,
qyry jIAuNdy dI nhIN pRvfh kIqI.

Bfrq ivcly ijMny kvI drbfrF ’qy aflm jFdf, iehdI kivqf dI JMzI rihMdI. iehnUM suxn qoN bfad suxn vflLy dUsiraF nUM nf suxdy. pRbMDkF leI ieh isrdrdI bxdI. jy dUsry kvIaF nUM nf bulfAuNdy qF Eh nfrfjL huMdy, jy bulf lYNdy qF sroqy JwjUhfrf pf bihMdy. dwsx vflLy dsdy hn ik isLmly kvI drbfr qy mohn isMG qy aMimRqf pRIqm nUM suxn qoN ienkfrI ho gey. Eh kihx: aflm koloN eI hor suxfE, bfkI idaF nUM rihx idE.
sMgI sfQI dsdy hn ik aflm sfPL idl, suGV, koml BfvI, imlxsfr, nykbKLq bMdf sI, pr sI TrMHmy vflLf. ibnF iksy iJjk, vÜ Pryb dy gwl kihx vfÜf. jo idl ’c EhI kivqf ’c. eydF dI eI iehdI kivqf sI – pfsL dy afKx vFg “ÈuwD mjLdUr” jmfq dI kivqf- sfÌ spft. lokF dI kivqf, lokF leI. iehnUM smJx leI bhuqf jLor nhIN sI lgdf. nf ieh afp iqMG iqMG ilKdf sI, nf pVHidaF suxidaF lokF dy aVHft inklLdy sI. aflm ny eyQy af ky iksy awgy hwQ nf awzy sI. lokF ny EN eI bVf mfx idwqf ieMglYNz ivc. ieh afpixaF ’c af igaf sI. jys kMm leI afieaf sI krky muV igaf.
isLv ny sfAUQfl dy zumInIam isnymf’c kivqf pVHI qF koeI qfVI nf vwjI iksy ny nkd ienfm nf idwqf. isLv bONdl igaf. bONdlxf eI sI.
1953-54 ’c AuWBrI idhfqI mjLdUr sBf df ieh mYNbr sI. hor ahuidaF qy vI irhf. isafsI qOr ’qy aflm qfa Aumr kfmryzF nfl sI jF aMbyzkr nflL. iehdI kivqf juJfrvfdI qF nf sI, pr Jwgy cukdI sI. iqwKy vfr krdI sI. hlUxdI sI. jdoN 1956 ’c bfbf aMbyzkr jlMDr bUtf mMzI afieaf, qF bfby aflm ny EhdI hfjLrI ’c EhdI isÌq ’c kivqf pVHI. bfby aflm df jfdU Pyr cwilaf – aMbyzkr bfby dy sfmHxy. mrfTI aMbyzkr nUM pMjfbI afAuNdI sI jF nhIN pr lokF dy Aumfh qoN ËrUr pqf lwigaf hoAU ik ‘koeI gwl ho rhI hY’. hux qFeI bfhr aMdr boDI iehI gIq afpxy PMkÈnF qy awj vI pUry mfx nflL gfAuNdy hn:

bVf sLor pYNdf gLrIbF dy ivhVy
ieh awj kOx afieaf svyry svyry
nvIN iehdI iQAUrI nvF eyhdf Kfsf
ieh ijMdgLI df cfhuMdf bdlL lYxf pfsf
luk luk roNdy isafsI lutry………
-
CMnf qy Zfiraf df dsdf Aujflf
aflm ’c hY hux kuC hox vflf
lwKF lok bihMdy juV ky cuPyry………

aflm Krf ienklfbI lok kvI sI. Eh smfj ’c rih, Kih ky iqwKf hoieaf. insLfny vl syD DfrI quiraf igaf. aKIrly idnIN afpxI DI sudysL kolL irhf. sudyÈ vI kivqf ilKdI sI. dovyN ipE DI kivqf bfry ivcfrF krdy. hor gwlF vI kr lYNdy sI. sudysL BfgF vflLI hY, ijhnUM eydF df bfp imilaf, ijhdy bfry koeI mfVf nhIN kih skdf. sfzy DMnBfg ik ieh sfzy vyiÜaf ’c hoieaf; sfnUM iehdy drÈn ho gey.

Paash

Madan Lal Dhingra-by Prof Chaman Lal

Martyrdom centenary 1909 –2009

Madan Lal Dhingra

The first Indian freedom fighter, who was executed in London
and was a role model of Bhagat Singh

– by Chaman Lal –

 

Madan Lal Dhingra was born on 18th February 1883 in Amritsar in a very rich family. His father Dr. Ditta Mal retired as Govt. Civil surgeon. He owned twenty one houses in Katra Sher Singh and six bungalows on G.T. Road. Dr. Ditta Mal had shifted from his village Sahiwal in Sargodha district in West Punjab in 1850 and he held 10 bigha land and a haveli in his ancestral village. He was a Rai Saheb the title given by the British Indian Govt. He had six buggies and his car ran on Amritsar roads, the first Indian to have this privilege in the city. He had seven sons and one daughter. Three of his sons were trained medical doctors and three were Barristers-Bar at Law. One of his brother Dr. Bihari lal Dhingra was notorious as Prime Minister of Jind state for his cruelties on people.

It was in such a family that a rebellious son was born, who did physical labour while doing his BSc in Lahore and he got influenced by Pagdi sambhāl Jatta movement of Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh. Later he went to England for higher studies. He took admission in engineering course and came into contact with Shyam ji Krishan Verma and Veer Savarkar. While Savarkar, who came to England on a scholarship established by Verma, also reached in 1906, same year Dhingra had arrived. Both were of same age group, but Savarkar was inclined to Hindutva ideology. Verma was more liberal and rational in his views, but he had to leave for Paris as British Govt. was harassing him a lot. Madan Lal was now under the spell of Savarkar and it was he, who inspired him to shoot Curzon Wyle, who was notorious for using Indians to serve as informers for the British government. Pistol for this purpose was also provided by Savarkar to Madan Lal, who shot Wyle dead in June end 1909. After one and a half month trial, he was executed on 17th August 1909 aged 26. 31 years later Udham Singh followed the same path.

The author is Professor in Centre of Indian Languages Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

E: prof.chaman@gmail.com

 

18th Mela Ghadri Babeyan Da at Desh Bhagat Yadgar Hall Jalandhar

ÇÕðåÆ ñÇÔð ù ÃîðÇêå Ô¯ò¶×Å AHò» î¶ñÅ ×çðÆ ìÅÇìÁ» çÅ

ܦèð, BB Á×Ãå (ÁËÚ. ÁËÃ. ìÅòÅ)-ÁÅ÷ÅçÆ Ã³×ðÅî ÓÚ Çòñ¾Öä î¹ÕÅî ð¾ÖçÆ ×çð ñÇÔð çÆ ç±ÜÆ ÕóÆ ÇÕðåÆ ñÇÔð ù ÃîðÇêå ԯ¶×Å AHò» î¶ñÅ ×çðÆ ìÅÇìÁ» çÅÍ Á¾Ü ÕÅîð¶â çðìÅðÅ ÇÃ³Ø Çã¾ñ¯º, ÕÅðÜÕÅðÆ êÌèÅé çÆ êÌèÅé×Æ Ô¶á Ô¯ÂÆ ç¶ô í×å ïÅç×Åð Õî¶àÆ ç¶ ì¯ðâ ÁÅø àðÃàÆ÷ çÆ îÆÇà³× À¹êð³å ÜÅäÕÅðÆ Çç³ÇçÁ» Üéðñ ÃÕ¾åð ÕÅîð¶â é½ÇéÔÅñ ÇÃ³Ø å¶ ÃÔÅÇÂÕ ÃÕ¾åð Áîñ¯Õ ÇÃ³Ø é¶ ç¾ÇÃÁÅ ÇÕ BI ÁÕå±ìð ù± î¶ñ¶ çÅ À¹çØÅàé ôÔÆç îçé ñÅñ ãƺ×ðÅ çÆ ôÔÆçÆ ôåÅìçÆ ç¶ é»Á ԯ¶×ÅÍ Á½ðå çÆ çôÅ å¶ î¹ÕåÆ çÆ ÇçôÅ ìÅð¶ é½ÜòÅé» ç¶ íÅôä î¹ÕÅìñ¶ Ô¯ä×¶Í C@ ÁÕå±ìð ù± î¶ðá ÃÅÇ÷ô նà óì³èÆ ÒÕ¹ÇÂ÷Ó î¹ÕÅìñ¶ å¶ ÇÚåðÕñÅ î¹ÕÅìñ¶ ÕðòŶ ÜÅä׶ å¶ CA ÁÕå±ìð ù ÇÂéÕñÅìÆ ×ÅÇÂÕÆ ç¶ î¹ÕÅìñ¶ Ô¯ä×¶Í CA ÁÕå±ìð ù ôÅî D òܶ ïÅç×ÅðÆ ÕòÆ çðìÅð Ô¯ò¶×Å å¶ Á¾èÆ ðÅå åÕ ò¾Ö-ò¾Ö ÕñÅ ò³é×ÆÁ» ê¶ô ÕÆåÆÁ» ÜÅä×ÆÁ»Í
À¹é·» ç¾ÇÃÁÅ ÇÕ êÇÔñÆ éò³ìð Ãò¶ð¶ A@ òܶ Õî¶àÆ ç¶ î˺ìð ÇêÌæÆêÅñ ÇÃ³Ø îÅóÆî¶ØÅ öçð ñÇÔð çÅ Þ³âÅ ñÇÔðÅÀ¹ä׶ å¶ Þ³â¶ ç¶ ×Æå À¹êð³å ÃÅðÅ Ççé å¶ ÃÅðÆ ðÅå Ú¯àÆ ç¶ éÅàÕ, ÁËÕôé ×Æå, òÅð», Õ¯ðÆÀ¹×ðÅøÆÁ», ÇòÚÅð» çÅ ÇÃñÇÃñÅ B éò³ìð ÃðØÆ ò¶ñ¶ åÕ ÜÅðÆ ðÔ¶×ÅÍ î¶ñ¶ ç½ðÅé ç¶ô í×å ïÅç×Åð ÔÅñ ù ÒÇÕðåÆ é×ðÓ çÅ é»Á Çç¾åÅ ÜŶ×ÅÍ

Remembering Madan Lal Dhingra-by Dr Chaman Lal

Madan Lal Dhingra was the first Indian patriot to be executed in London hundred years ago.No one seems to be concerned to remember him.Except Hindu, no media even put three lines on him.Electronic media is not interested in focussing on patriots.Who shall think of these martyrs?Rajya Sabha M.P.Moinul Hasan raised issue in the house.17th August is four days away and there is complete silence all around!

Martyrdom centenary of Madan Lal Dhingra-17^th August, 2009

                                                                    Chaman Lal

 

           Madan lal Dhingra is perhaps first Indian freedom fighter, who was executed in London on 17^th August 1909. But it is strange that no one in public or Govt. has paid any attention to commemorate the event. Brief life sketch of Madan Lal Dhingra is being given here to draw attention towards his martyrdom, a century ago, for the freedom of the country.

       Madan Lal Dhingra was born on 18^th February 1883 in Amritsar in a very rich family. His father Dr. Ditta Mal retired as Govt. Civil surgeon and had twenty one houses in katra Sher Singh and six bunglaws on G.T.Road.Dr. Ditta Mal had shifted from his village Sahiwal in Sargodha district, now in Pakistan in 1850 and he held 10 bigha land and a haveli in his ancestral village. He was Rai Saheb title holder from British Govt., he had six buggies and his car ran on Amritsar roads, the first Indian to have this privilege in the city. He had seven sons and one daughter. Three of his sons were trained medical doctors and three were Barristers-Bar at Law. One of his brother Dr. Bihari lal Dhingra was notorious as Prime Minister of Jind state for his cruelties on people. It was in such family that a rebellious son was born, who did physical labour while doing his Bsc from Lahore, where he got influenced by Pagdi sambhal Jatta movement of Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh, uncle of Bhagat Singh. Later he went to England for higher studies on a ship, reaching London in two months from Bombay. He took admission in engineering course and became involved in Indian freedom struggle. He was influenced by Shyam ji Krishan Verma and Veer Savarkar. While Veer Savarkar, who came to England on a scholarship established by Shyam ji Krishan Verma, also reached in 1906, same year Dhingra reached. Both were of same age group, but Savarkar was inclined to Hindutva ideology. Shyamji Krishan Verma was more liberal and rational in his views, but he had to leave for Paris as British Govt. was harassing him a lot. Madan Lal Dhingra was now under the spell of Savarkar and it was he, who inspired him to shoot Curzon Wyle, who was notorious for using Indians to serve as informers for Britishers in England. Pistol for this purpose was also provided by Savarkar to Dhingra, who shot Wyle dead in June end 1909 and after one and a half month trial, he was executed on 17^th August 1909 at the age of 26years plus.

           Bhagat Singh wrote about Madan Lal Dhingra in his sketches about revolutionary freedom fighters.It is the duty of the nation at both Govt. and peoples level to commemorate the event in befitting manner. National Programme implementation committee to implement Govt. policies on national anniversaries should come out with detailed plans in this regard, while people’s organizations should chalk out their own commemorative programmes in this regard. Dhingra was perhaps first Indian freedom fighter to be executed on British soil,31 years later Udham Singh followed the same path an was executed on 31^st July 1940 under almost similar circumstances.

–
Professor Chaman Lal,Chairperson
Centre of Indian Languages
JNU,New Delhi-110067
Mob.-09868774820
http://www.bhagatsinghstudy.blogspot.com/
htpp://www.chamanlaljnu.blogspot.com/
htpp:// www.drchaman.wordpress.com

–
Professor Chaman Lal,Chairperson
Centre of Indian Languages
JNU,New Delhi-110067
Mob.-09868774820
http://www.bhagatsinghstudy.blogspot.com/
htpp://www.chamanlaljnu.blogspot.com/
htpp:// www.drchaman.wordpress.com

Madan Lal Dhingra martyrdom Centenary Commemoration in Birmingham on 15th August 2009

 

Martyrdom of Madan Lal Dhingra-Centenary Commemoration

 

Date :      15^th August 2009 ( Saturday )

Place:       Holyhead School, Holyhead Road, Handsworth, Birmingham  B21 0HN

Time :      3pm to 6pm

 

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

Madan Lal Dhingra was an Indian freedom fighter, political activist and  a revolutionary studying Engineering  in England. There he killed Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie, a British official. It was  hailed as one of the first acts of revolution in the Indian independence movement in the 20th century.

100 years ago on 17^th August 1909, Madan Lal Dhingra was hanged in London’s Pentonville prison.His dead body was buried in the prison yard and a  brick in the nearby wall was marked MLD. Dhingra’s body was re-patriated to India on December 13, 1976.

Indian Workers Association Great Britain invites you to pay homage on the 100^th anniversary of Madan lal Dhingra’s martyrdom .The speakers will speak about  Madan Lal Dhingra’s life , current crisis of  imperialism and  the political and economic situation in Britain today.

Programme :

Speakers :

Avtar Jouhl : General Secretary  Indian Workers Association Great Britain

Harpal Brar : Editor Lalkar, President Communist Party of Great Britain ( M.L)

Dave Roberts : Socialist Labour Party

Cultural Programme :

Poetry and songs : Ashwani Kumar, Surinder Virdee, Parkash Azad and many more.

 

Sheera Johal                               Harbhajan Dardi

 President                                              Secretary

Organised by  : Indian Workers Association Great Britain,(B’ham and Sandwell Branch)

346 Soho Road, Handsworth, Birmingham  B21 9QL

Tel : 0121 551 4679

————————————————————————–

Madan Lal Dhingra

 

Madan Lal Dhingra (1883 – 1909) was an Indian freedom fighter, political activist, a revolutionary studying in England. There he killed Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie, a British official. It is hailed as one of the first acts of revolution in the Indian independence movement in the 20th century.

Early life

Madan Lal Dhingra was born on 18  Sept 1883 in a rich Hindu family of doctors in 1883 in Amritsar in the province of  Punjab. His father was a wealthy  eye specialist and Civil Surgeon of Amritsar. Some say he was the first Indian doctor to reach that eminent position.  Madan Lal’s father, Dr Dhingra had seven sons in all: Kundanlal ( a businessman ), Dr Mohanlal, Dr Biharilal (MRCP 1895), Chamanlal (Barrister from Middle Temple 1899), Chunilal, MADANLAL and Bhajanlal (Barrister from Grays Inn 1911).

Dhingra’s family were loyalists of the British, and disowned him after his expulsion from college in Lahore owing to illicit political activities. Dhingra had to work as a clerk, a Tonga (rickshaw) puller, and a factory labourer. Dhingra attempted to organize a union there, but was sacked. He worked for sometime in Bombay before acting upon the advice of his elder brother and going to England for higher studies.

Madanlal Dhingra studied for Diploma in Civil Engineering at University College, London from 1906-09 (it is interesting to note that Dadabhai Naoroji was Professor of Gujarati in this college from 1856 to 1866. Ravindranath Tagore studied English Literature at the same college during 1878-1880. Dhingra’s elder brother Dr Biharilal passed MRCP from University College Hospital in 1895).  Here he came in contact with Savarkar at India House. (This house at 65 Cromwell Avenue, London was purchased by Shyamji Krishnavarma in 1905.  It was to be used as a students’ hostel.)

With Savarkar

He reached England and joined a University for the engineering degree in the month of October. Dhingra was overjoyed to be in England and indulged in merrymaking. He was a happy-go-lucky man and used to take pleasure in wearing costly, smart suits; he used cosmetics and scents, and spent hours together before the mirror combing his hair. He liked to go for long walks in the streets of London in the evenings and spent much time in the company of friends. Dhingra was a highly emotional young man and was greatly attracted by the heroic deeds of Khudiram Bose and Kanailal. He came in contact with  Vinayak Damodar Savarkar by whom he was greatly inspired. He also formed close contacts with Shyamji Krishna Verma, Har Dayal, Gian Chand and Kore Gakar, who were all revolutionaries and associated with the ‘India House’ in London. He was present at a meeting which was addressed by Lala Lajpat Rai during his stay in London. He was also associated with the Indian Home Rule Society and the Abhinava Bharat Society. His mind dwelt, during this period, on the British atrocities in India.

Savarkar believed in revolution by any means, and supposedly gave Dhingra arms training, apart from membership in a secretive society, the Abhinav Bharat Mandal. He was also a member of India House, the base for Indian student political activity.

During this period, Savarkar, Dhingra and other student activists were enraged by the execution of freedom fighters such as Khudiram Bose, Kannai Dutt, Satinder Pal and Kanshi Ram in India. It is this event that is attributed by many historians as having led Savarkar and Dhingra scheme of exacting direct revenge upon the British.

Curzon Wyllie’s assassination

National Indian Association was an association in London which tried to attract the Indian youths who went to England for higher studies. Miss Emma Josephine Beck was its secretary. Dhingra visited the office of the National Indian Association in the month of March 1909. He made friends with Emma Beck and expressed a desire to become a member. The very next month he enrolled himself as a member. He bought a revolver in London and another Belgian pistol from a private person. He started regular shooting practice and recorded his practice in his note-book.

On 1st July 1909, the National Indian Association was to celebrate its annual day. The venue chosen for the annual day celebrations was the Jehangir Hall of the Imperial Institute. Dhingra collected information from Emma Beck and discussed his plans with Savarkar.

Wearing a sky-blue turban in the Punjabi style and a smart suit, a necktie and dark glasses, Dhingra filled up his coat pockets with a revolver, two pistols and two knives.

Dhingra reached the party at eight. He went around talking to people there for some time. It was past ten when political aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India Curzon Wyllie and his wife arrived. Their arrival added zest to the merriment. It was about eleven when the proceeding ended. Wyllie got down from the dais. Then there was some music. Wyllie was moving around talking to people informally.

Dhingra fired five shots right at his face, four of which hit their target. Cowasji Lalkaka, a  Parsee doctor who tried to save Sir Curzon, died of Madan Lal’s sixth and seventh bullets, which the latter fired because Lalkaka had caught hold of him.

Trial

Dhingra was tried in the Old Bailey Court . The police started the trial in an alarming manner, producing five witnesses, including an Indian, Madan Mohan Sinha, who grappled with Dhingra.

On July 10, the accused made a statement that exposed the tyranny of the British and on July 23, he was indicted for murder and sentenced to death.  He stated that he did not intend to kill Cowasji Lalkaka. Nevertheless, he was sentenced to death. After the judge announced his verdict, Dhingra is said to have stated, “I am proud to have the honour of laying down my life for my country. But remember we shall have our time in the days to come.”  When Madanlal shot dead Sir Wyllie, Bhajanlal was in London studying Law at Grays Inn. Four days after the event Bhajanlal attended the public meeting to condemn Madanlal. On account of that, Madanlal refused to see Bhajanlal when the latter visited him in the prison.

Reactions

After he was hanged on 17 August 1909, his cremation was not allowed. The British had not the courage to allow the publication of Dhingra’s court statement which many British papers had quoted already His father, Sahib Ditta, sent a cable from India: “I disown Madan as my son. He has disgraced my fair name.” His brother declared that he had nothing to do with Dhingra any more, since what Dhingra had done was a serious crime. Soon after Dhingra’s martyrdom,  his brothers dropped the surname Dhingra, with the exception of Dr Biharilal. As their first names ended in Lal they adopted that as the surname. e.g Chamanlal Dhingra became Chaman Lal.

While most of the British press, and liberal and moderate Indians condemned Dhingra’s act, it nevertheless excited the Indian community in England and back in India. Guy Aldred, the printer of The Indian Sociologist was sentenced to twelve months hard labour. The August issue of The Indian Sociologist had carried a story sympathetic to Dhingra. Dhingra’s actions also evoked some sympathy from the Irish, who were fighting their own struggle at the time.

(News Item From London Times of 19-08-1909 )

Some modern historians claim that the trial was grossly unfair and biased. Dhingra was not given a defense counsel (though this was at his own request, in support of his contention that no British court had authority to try him), and the entire process was completed in a single day. Some legal experts claim that it was not the business of the court at the time to decide the time and location of execution.Gandhi condemned Dhingra’s actions. To quote,

It is being said in defense of Sir Curzon Wyllie’s assassination that…just as the British would kill every German if Germany invaded Britain, so too it is the right of any Indian to kill any Englishman…. The analogy…is fallacious. If the Germans were to invade Britain, the British would kill only the invaders. They would not kill every German whom they met…. They would not kill an unsuspecting German, or Germans who are guests.

Even should the British leave in consequence of such murderous acts, who will rule in their place? Is the Englishman bad because he is an Englishman? Is it that everyone with an Indian skin is good? If that is so, there should be [no] angry protest against oppression by Indian princes. India can gain nothing from the rule of murderers—no matter whether they are black or white. Under such a rule, India will be utterly ruined and laid waste.The Indian Opinion, August 14th 1909.

The shooting brought to the fore the facts related to economic exploitation of Indians. People like eminent historian Professor Bipan Chander said the young man had given us (Indians) back our pride. Thirty-one years later in 1940  Udham Singh repeated the act in London to avenge the massacre  of  Jallianwala Bagh Amritsar.

Statement

This statement was said just before he died at the gallows:

“I believe that a nation held down by foreign bayonets is in a perpetual state of war. Since open battle is rendered impossible to a disarmed race, I attacked by surprise. Since guns were denied to me I drew forth my pistol and fired. Poor in health and intellect, a son like myself has nothing else to offer to the mother but his own blood. And so I have sacrificed the same on her altar. The only lesson required in India at present is to learn how to die, and the only way to teach it is by dying ourselves. My only prayer to God is that I may be re-born of the same mother and I may re-die in the same sacred cause till the cause is successful. Vande Mataram!”

Remembrance

In his memoirs, Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, the British poet and writer who also served in the Diplomatic Service writes (entry dated 24 July 1909) writes, “No Christian martyr ever faced his judges more fearlessly or with greater dignity…if India could produce five hundred men, as resolutely without fear, she would achieve her freedom.  It was recorded in medical evidence at the trial, that, when arrested, Dhingra’s pulse beat no quicker than normal, nor from first to last, has he shown any sign of weakening.” On the day of Dhingra’s martyrdom, leaflets entitled ‘Ireland Honours Dhingra’ were distributed and pasted on walls in Ireland.  As chance would have it, Dhingra’s martyrdom day coincided with Blunt’s 69th birthday.  Blunt remarked that they (meaning the British) had honoured him (Blunt) by choosing his birthday to hang Dhingra.  For this day would be remembered as Martyrs’ Day for several generations, exclaimed Blunt!

At the time, Dhingra’s body was denied Hindu rites and was buried by British authorities. His family having disowned him, the authorities refused to turn over the body to Savarkar.

He was buried within the Pentonville prison yard  in North London and a brick in the nearby wall was marked MLD which ultimately helped locate his remains.

Dhingra’s body was accidentally found while authorities searched for the remains of Shaheed Udham Singh, and re-patriated to India on December 13, 1976. Both men came from Amritsar.

Dhingra is widely remembered in India today, and was an inspiration at the time to revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar Azad. Udham Singh’s coffin was exhumed on 11 July 1974 and flown back to India.
Madanlal Dhingra’s coffin was exhumed on 12 December 1976 in the presence of Natwar Singh, then Acting High Commisioner for India.  This coffin too was flown back to India.

—————————————————————————–

 

 

THE TRIAL OF MADAN LAL DHINGRA

DHINGRA, Madan Lal (25, student), was indicted for, and charged on the coroner’s inquisition with, the wilful murder of William Hutt Curzon Wyllie and Cowas Lalcaca.

On being called upon to plead to the indictment for the “wilful murder” of Sir W. H. Curzon Wyllie, prisoner said, “First of all I would say that these words cannot be used with regard to me at all. Whatever I did was an act of patriotism and justice which was justified. The only thing I have to say is in the statement which I believe you have got.”

The Clerk of Arraigns: The question now is whether yon plead “Guilty” or “Not guilty” to the indictment?

Prisoner: Well, according to my view I will plead “Not guilty. Whatever I want to say is in the statement that was taken from my

The Lord Chief Justice directed a plea of Not guilty to be entered.

To the indictment for the wilful murder of Dr. Cowas Lalcaca, prisoner pleaded Not guilty.

Asked whether he had any counsel to defend him, prisoner replied that he had not.

The Attorney-General (Sir William Robson, K. C., HP.), Mr. Bodkin, Mr. Rowlatt, and “Mr. Leycester prosecuted.

Mini HARRIS, 106, Ledbury Road, Bayswater. Prisoner came to lodge at my house on Easter Monday; he occupied a ground floor front room. On July 1 he left the house about two in the afternoon, returned just after eight and shortly afterwards went out again. He was then dressed an ordinary day clothes, with a blue turban; he left in a cab.

The Lord Chief Justice asked prisoner if he wished to put any questions.

Prisoner. No, I do not want to ask any questions; I want to say something.

The Lord Chief Justice. You can say what yon like afterwards. Do you want to ask any questions now?

Prisoner. No, I don’t want to ask anything.

WILLIAM BURROW, an assistant at Gamage’s, limited, Holborn, proved that prisoner on January 26 purchased there a Colt’s automatic magazine pistol for ₤3 5s. He produced a gun licence taken out in the name of Madar Lal Dhinghra, of University College.

HENRY STANTON MORLEY. I am proprietor of an exhibition of automatic machines and a shooting range at 92, Tottenham Court Road. About three months ago prisoner commenced to frequent the range w revolver practice; he attended two or three times a week, bringing his own revolver, an automatic Colt, and his own ammunition. He used to fire 12 shots on each visit. He took a lot of care in his shooting and acquired considerable proficiency. On July 1, about 5.30 p.m., he was at the range, and I saw him fire 12 shots at a target at a distance of 18 ft. (The target was shown to the Jury; there were 11 hits.)

Police-constable FREDERICK JAMES PALMER, D Division, produced a plan to scale of the Jehangir Hall and other portions of the Imperial Institute.

Miss BECK, 168, Kensington Park Road. I am honorary secretary of the National Indian Association. Her Majesty the Quean is patroness of the association; Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Hutt Canon Wyllie was a member of the council and honorary treasurer. The object of the association is the promotion of social intercourse between the English people and the Indian people in London, one of the methods being entertainments or conversaziones. I first knew of prisoner in March last. In May I sent him an invitation to call upon me; he did not call. I tent him an invitation for our entertainment at the Jehangir Hall of the Imperial Institute on July 1. I attended that evening and saw prisoner there. About half past ten I spoke to him, asking him what he was doing in his work; he said he had finished his course at University College and that he would be taking the examination for a.m. I. C. E. in October, and then going home. I asked him whether he knew many of those present and he said he knew some.

DOUGLAS WILLIAM THORBURN. journalist. I was present at the entertainment at the Imperial Institute on July 1. About 11 o’clock I was in the main hall. On looking through the doorway of the vestibule I saw prisoner apparently speaking to Sir Curzon Wyllie. Prisoner raised his arm and rapidly fired four shots in Sir Curzon’s face—into his eves. Sir Curzon collapsed at the fourth shot. Aftar a short interval there were two more shots, but I did not see in what direction they were fired. I ran to prisoner to prevent anything further being done, and others also rushed to the spot. Prisoner had his right hand free and he placed the revolver to his own temple, but there was merely a click. With assistance I got him down. I asked him, “What have you done? Why did you do it? ” Prisoner looked at me quietly but did not say anything. He later on said, “Let me put my spectacles on.”

Sir LESLIE PROBYN.I was present at this entertainment. About 11 o’clock I was in the Jehangir Hall, going towards the exit door, when I heard the sound of three or four shots. On going forward I saw the prisoner, who fired another shot; he then held the pistol straight in front of him and apparently fired another shot. He next turned the pistol round to his own temple. I immediately went at him, held his arms, and got the pistol from him. There was a struggle, and I hardly know what happened, as I fell down and injured my nose and rlbs. I handed the prisoner over to a police-constable, also the revolver.

Captain CHARLES ROLLESTON, another guest at the entertainment, spoke to hearing five shots. One shot was fired deliberately by Prisoner at a native Indian gentleman in evening dress. The gentleman—Dr. Lalcaca—fell backwards. The body of Sir Curzon Wyllie was lying three or four yards away. Witness asked prisoner his name and address, and he gave them as “ Dhingra, Ledbury Road.” Witless, speaking to him mostly in Hindustani, asked what could be his motive for the crime. He replied, “I will tell the police.”

Police-constable FREDERICK NICHOLLS, 476 B said that on being called to the Imperial Institute he found prisoner being held by several gentlemen, and he took him into custody. On his being searched there were found in prisoner’s waistcoat pocket the pistol and the dagger produced.

Detective-sergeant FRANK EADLEY, B Division, who was with Nicholls, spoke to the arrest and the finding upon prisoner of the second revolver and cartridges.

Superintendent ALFRED ISAAC, B Division. On the early morning of July 2 I saw prisoner at Marylebone Police Station. The charge was read over to him and he nodded his head.

Sub-Divisional Inspector CHARLES GLASS, B Division. At the police station I took the charge against prisoner. On its being read over he said, “Yes, ” nodding his head. I said, “Do you wish any of jour friends to be communicated with? ” He replied, “I do not think it necessary to-night, they will know later on.

Inspector ALBERT DRAPER, B Division. I was present at Westminster Police Court on July 2. Just before being remanded, prisoner said to the magistrate, “The only thing I want to say is that there was no wilful murder in the case-of Dr. Lalcaca; I did sot know him; when he advanced to take hold of me I simply fired is self-defence. ”

Dr. THOMAS NEVILLE, 123, Sloane Street. On July 11 went to the Imperial Institute and there saw the dead body of Sir Curzon Wyllie. Later that night I saw prisoner at the police station; he seemed quiet, calm, and collected. I asked him whether he was hurt, and he said “No.” I felt his pulse; it was quite regular and normal. On making a post-mortem examination of Sir Curzon Wyllie I found a bullet entrance wound on the right eye, with an exit wound at the hack of the neck; another two wounds on the left eye and at the hack of the neck; two other wounds, one below the left ear, the other over the left eyebrow, the bullets being found in the head. The cause of death was injury to the brain; death must have been instantaneous.

This concluded the case for the prosecution.

The Lord Chief Justice (addressing the prisoner.) Do yon wish to give evidence in the box or say what you have to say there?

Prisoner. I have nothing to say. I admit that I did it. This evidence is all true. I should like my statement read.

The Lord Chief Justice. Do you wish your statement read that yon made at the police court?

Prisoner. Yes.

The statement was read, as follows: ” I do not want to say anything in defence of myself, but simply to prove the justice of my deed. As for myself, no English law court has got any authority to arrest and detain me in prison, or pass sentence of death on me. That is the reason I did not have any counsel to defend me.

“And I maintain that if it is patriotic in an Englishman to fight against the Germans if they were to occupy this country, it is much more justifiable and patriotic in my case to fight against the English. I hold the English people responsible for the murder of 80 millions of Indian people in the last fifty years, and they are also responsible for taking away ₤100, 000, 000 every year from India to this country. I also hold them responsible for the hanging and deportation of my patriotic countrymen, who did just the same as the English people here are advising their countrymen to do. And the Englishman who goes out to India and gets, say, ₤100 a month, that simply means that he passes a sentence of death on a thousand of my poor countrymen, because these thousand people could easily live on this ₤100, which the Englishman spends mostly on his frivolities and pleasures. Just as the Germans have no right to occupy this country, so the English people have no right to occupy India, and it is perfectly justifiable on our part to kill the Englishman who is polluting our sacred land. I am surprised at the terrible hypocrisy, the farce, and the mockery of the English people. They pose as the champions of oppressed humanity—the peoples of the Congo and the people of Russia—when there is terrible oppression and horrible atrocities committed in India; for example, the killing of two millions of people every year and the outraging of our women. In case this country is occupied by Germans, and the Englishman, not bearing to see the Germans walking with the insolence of conquerors in the streets of London, goes and kills one or two Germans, and that Englishman is held as a patriot by the people of this country, then certainly I am prepared to work for the emancipation of my Motherland. Whatever else I have to say is in the paper before the Court I make this statement, not because I wish to plead for mercy or anything of that kind. I wish that English people should sentence me to death, for in that case the vengeance of my countrymen will be all the more keen. I put forward this statement to show the justice of my cause to the outside world, and especially to our sympathisers in America and Germany.”

The Lord Chief Justice. Do you wish to call any evidence?

Prisoner. No. I only want the statement to be read.

The Lord Chief Justice. Do you wish to say anything more?

Prisoner. There is another statement on foolscap paper.

The Lord Chief Justice. Any other statement you must make now yourself.

Prisoner. But I don’t remember it now.

The Lord Chief Justice. If there is anything you wish to say to the Jury say it now. You can say anything you wish.

Prisoner. It was taken from my pocket among other papers.

The Lord Chief Justice. I don’t care what was in your pocket. The question of what you have written before has nothing to do with this case. You have got to say anything you wish to the Jury. What you have written on previous occasions or what was in your pocket is no evidence in this case. If you wish to say anything to the Jury in defence of yourself say it now. Do you wish to say anything more?

Prisoner. No.

Verdict, Guilty.

The Clerk of Arraigns. Prisoner at the bar, you stand convicted of the crime of wilful murder; have you anything to say why the Court should not give you judgment of death according to law f

Prisoner. I have told you over and over again that I do not acknowledge the authority of the Court, You can do whatever you like. I do not mind at all. You can pass sentence of death on me. I do not care. You white people are all-powerful now, hut, remember, it shall have our turn in the time to come, when we can do what we like.

Sentence, Death.

Prisoner, as he was being removed, said. Thank you, my Lord. I don’t care. I am proud to have the honour of laying down my life for the cause of my motherland.

Mr. Tindal Atkinson, K. C. I have been instructed to watch this case on behalf of the family of the man who has just been convicted. I here been instructed to say that they view this crime with the greatest, abhorrence, and they wish to repudiate in the most emphatic way the slightest sympathy with the views or motives which have led up to the crime. Further, I am instructed to say, on behalf of the father of this man and the rest of his family, that there are no more loyal subjects of the Empire than they are.

The Lord Chief Justice. Mr. Tindal Atkinson, although the course may have seemed somewhat unusual, having regard to the nature of this crime and the wicked attempt at justification in some quarters, I am very glad you should have said that on behalf of the members of the family.

Madan Lal Dhingra centenary

Desh Bhagat Yadgar Hall

Tera Singh Chan

ÃÅÇÔåÕÅð å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é éÔƺ ðÔ¶

Ú¿âÆ×ó·, ÁÜÆå é×ð, I ܹñÅÂÆ (ÁÜÅÇÂì Á½ÜñÅ, Þ»îê¹ð)-ê¿ÜÅì Áîé ñÇÔð ç¶ ìÅéÆ Áå¶ ÇÂêàŠ鱧 ê¿ÜÅì ÇòÚ ÇñÁÅÀ¹ä òÅñ¶ À¹Ø¶ ÃÅÇÔåÕÅð Áå¶ ðÚ¶åÅ Ã: å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é ñ§ìÆ ÇìîÅðÆ å¯º ìÅÁç Á¾Ü ÁÕÅñ ÚñÅäÅ Õð ×Â¶Í À¹é·» çÅ Á§Çåî ÃÃÕÅð A@ ܹñÅÂÆ é±§ Ãò¶ð¶ AA òܶ î¹ÔÅñÆ ç¶ ë¶÷ F ÇòÖ¶ ÕÆåÅ ÜÅò¶×ÅÍ
å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é ç¶ Ãê¹¾åð ê¯z îéçÆê ÇÃ§Ø ÃðÕÅðÆ ÕÅñÜ î¹ÔÅñÆ ë¶÷ F ÇòÖ¶ êz¯ëËÃð ç¶ ÁÔ¹ç¶ Óå¶ ÇìðÅÜîÅé ÔéÍ å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é çÅ Üéî çé AIBA ÇòÚ Ã. î¶ñÅ ÇÃ§Ø ç¶ Øð Çê¿â ÇìñÅòñ Ç÷ñ·Å Õ˺ìñê¹ð ÇòÚ Ô¯ÇÂÁÅÍ ç¶ô ò§â 寺 êÇÔñ» Õ¯ÇÂàÅ, ÇÜÔñî, ðÅòñÇê¿âÆ å¶ Ú±ÔóÕÅäÅ ÇòÚ ÃÕ±ñ ÁÇèÁÅêé Ãî¶å æ¯ó·¶ æ¯ó·¶ Ã ñÂÆ ÕÂÆ Çé¾Õ¶ î¯à¶ Õ§î ÕÆå¶Í AIDG 寺 î×𯺠Á§ÇîzåÃð ÇòÚ êzÅÂÆò¶à Õ¯ÇÚ§× ÕÆåÆ, ÒêzÆåñóÆÓ ÁçÅð¶ ÇòÚ Ã¶òÅ ÇéíÅÂÆ Áå¶ ð¯÷ÅéÅ Òéò» ÷îÅéÅÓ ÇòÚ ÃÇÔ Ã§êÅçÕ òܯº Õ§î ÕÆåÅÍ Õ¹Þ òð·¶ Õ¶ºçðÆ ê¿ÜÅìÆ ñ¶ÖÕ ÃíÅ ç¶ Õ¹ñ òÕåÆ ÃÕ¾åð òܯº öòÅ ÇéíÅÂÆÍ ç¯ çÔÅÇÕÁ» å¾Õ ïòÆÁå ç±åÅòÅÃ ç¶ Ã±ÚéÅ ÇòíÅ× ÇòÚ Õ§î Õðç¶ ðÇÔä À¹êð§å öòÅ-î¹Õå Ô¯ Õ¶ Ú§âÆ×ó·, î¹ÔÅñÆ ÇòÚ ÇðÔÅÇÂô ÇÂÖÇåÁÅð ÕÆåÆÍ ÁÅêäÅ ÇÃðÜäÅåîÕ Ãëð ô¹ð± ÕðÇçÁ» Ô¯ÇÂÁ» AI òÇð·Á» çÆ Û¯àÆ À¹îð ÇòÚ ÔÆ å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é é¶ ÁÅêäÅ êÇÔñÅ ÕÅÇò ç×zÇÔ ÒÇÃÃÕÆÁ»Ó AID@ ÇòÚ ÛêòÅÇÂÁÅÍ À¹é·» çÅ ç±ÜÅ ÕÅÇò ç×zÇÔ ÒÜË ÇÔ§çÓ À¹ðç± Á¾Öð» ÇòÚ AIDE ÇòÚ ÛÇêÁÅÍ À¹é·» çÅ åÆÜÅ ÕÅÇò ç×zÇÔ ÒÃ Ã çÆÁ» ×¾ñ»Ó AIDH ÇòÚ êzÕÅôå Ô¯ÇÂÁÅÍ å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é çÅ ×Æå éÅà ç×zÇÔ ÒÁîð ê¿ÜÅìÓ AIEC ÇòÚ ê¹ÃåÕ ð±ê ÇòÚ ÁÅÇÂÁÅ, ÇÜà ÇòÚ ÒÁîð ê¿ÜÅìÓ Ãî¶å À¹é·» ç¶ ÕÂÆ ×Æå éÅàÕ ôÅîñ ÃéÍ AIIE ÇòÚ À¹é·» çÆÁ» ÕÇòåÅò», ×Æå» å¶ ×Æå éÅàÕ» çÆ ê¹ÃåÕ ÒÕÅ× Ã çÅ ì¯ÇñÁÅÓ êzÕÅôå Ô¯ÂÆÍ å¶ðÅ ÇÃ§Ø Ú§é é¶ ñ×í× ÇÂÕ çðÜé ê¹ÃåÕ» ç¶ Áé¹òÅç ÕÆå¶ ÇÜé·» ÇòÚ ð±Ã¯ çÆÁ» ÒÁÅê ìÆåÆÁ»Ó å¶ ÒÁîÆñÓ, ׯðÕÆ çÆ ÒêÆñ¶ ç˺å çÅ ôÇÔðÓ Ãî¶å îÅðÕÃÆ ñËÇééÆ ÇÃè»å ìÅð¶ îÔ¾åòê±ðé ê¹ÃåÕ» ôÅîñ ÃéÍ Õ¶ºçðÆ ê¿ÜÅìÆ ñ¶ÖÕ ÃíÅ (ö֯º) ðÇÜ. ç¶ ÃðêÌÃå êÌÇüè éÅòñÕÅð ÜÃò¿å ÇÃ³Ø Õ¿òñ, êÌèÅé âÅ. å¶Üò¿å îÅé, À¹ê-êÌèÅé ê̯. êÌÆåî ÇÃ¿Ø ðÅÔÆ, Üéðñ ÃÕ¼åð êòé ÔðÚ¿çê¹ðÆ ÁÅÇç é¶ å¶ðÅ ÇÃ¿Ø Ú¿é çÆ î½å Óå¶ â¿ÈØÅ ç¹¼Ö êÌ×à ÕÆåÅ ÔËÍ